Incretins are known to have cardioprotective effects. Drugs that augment the incretin levels particularly GLP-1 are DPP-4 Inhibitors. These new class of drugs are the most promising in Type 2 diabetes. Saxagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor is of particular importance because of its weight neutral, reduction in HbA1c, safety profile and patient tolerance. It is widely used as monotherapy or in combination with other oral anti-diabetics. Diabetes is known as high risk factor for cardiovascular consequences such as ischemia. Reperfusion is inevitable to prevent further damage leading to ischemic reperfusion injury. I/R injury aggravate generation of reactive oxygen species leading to inflammation. Inflammation is the cornerstone of tissue injury and repair. RISK pathway and NF-κB mediated cytokines such as, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 play an important role in inflammatory process. Diabetic heart was further prone to undergo extensive damage caused by inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory role of saxagliptin in type 2 diabetic rats in streptozocin induced myocardial infarction. Normal and diabetic rats were randomized to receive saxagliptin 5 mg/kg b.wt. orally for a period of 4 weeks and were subjected to 30-min left anterior descending artery coronary artery occlusion followed by 4 hrs of reperfusion. Percentage left ventricle infarction and inflammatory markers such as MPO, TNF- α, IL-6, IL-10 were analysed in the study. Saxagliptin at the dose of 5 mg/kg decreased the levels of MPO, TNF-α and IL-6 in treated groups. Anti-inflammatory marker IL-10 significantly increased when treated with saxagliptin. Saxagliptin decreased the infarct size and showed significant cardioprotective action by anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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